The calendar here runs on two systems simultaneously: religious holidays following the lunar calendar and moving through the year, and national holidays fixed to specific dates.
The lunar calendar and what it means
Major religious holidays shift by roughly eleven days each year, so a holiday in spring will fall in winter within a decade. Practical consequences:
- Do not rely on last year's dates when planning
- Check the calendar before booking flights — domestic travel is extremely heavy around the two major religious holidays
- Business slows substantially during these periods, with extended closures
The two major religious holidays
Both involve several days of official holiday, family visiting and heavy travel. For a newcomer this means: banks and offices closed, roads and flights full, and many businesses shut for longer than the official days.
For anyone doing business, the rule is simple: do not schedule anything time-critical across these periods, and plan around them at the start of the year.
The fasting month
During the month of fasting, working hours may adjust and the rhythm of the day changes, with activity shifting to the evening. Observance varies considerably by region and by household.
For a non-observing newcomer: eating and drinking discreetly rather than conspicuously during daylight is courteous, particularly in more observant areas, though norms are relaxed in cosmopolitan districts. And if invited to an evening meal to break the fast, accept — it is a warm occasion and an excellent way into a community.
National holidays
Fixed-date holidays commemorating national milestones, marked with ceremonies, flags and public events. These are civic rather than religious occasions and are widely observed. They are also easy for a newcomer to attend and enjoy.
What to do as a newcomer
- Mark the year's holidays on your calendar in advance, including their moving dates
- Accept invitations during holiday periods — these are the occasions when relationships form
- Bring something when visiting a home during a holiday, as is customary
- Reciprocate by hosting your own celebrations and inviting neighbours
Item four matters for families keeping their own traditions: hosting your own festival and inviting Turkish neighbours is well received, and it lets children see their culture as something shared rather than hidden.
Need a tailored roadmap?
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Frequently asked questions
What are the major festivals in Türkiye?
Major holidays include Ramadan Feast and Sacrifice Feast, national days such as Republic Day and Victory Day, and cultural festivals in cities like Istanbul featuring music, film and arts events throughout the year.
How are religious holidays celebrated?
During Ramadan Feast, families visit relatives, children receive sweets and gifts, and people share meals. During Sacrifice Feast, families share meat with relatives and those in need. Many people travel, and offices close for several days.
What national celebrations should newcomers know?
Republic Day celebrates the founding of the modern republic with parades and fireworks. Other national days commemorate historical events. Flags are displayed widely, and public ceremonies take place across the country.
Are there cultural festivals for newcomers to enjoy?
Yes. Istanbul hosts international film, music, jazz and arts festivals, and many cities hold food, flower and local cultural festivals. These events are good opportunities to meet people and experience Turkish culture.
How do holidays affect daily life and procedures?
Public offices, banks and many businesses close during major holidays, and transport can be crowded as people travel. Newcomers should check holiday calendars before planning appointments, moves or document submissions.
Information is for reference and may change under the latest official policy. Please contact us for current regulations.
